| IEC 61851 Mode 1 | AC charging from a standard socket without dedicated in-cable control and protection functions. | A basic charging arrangement; suitability depends on local electrical rules and the installation. | Check local regulations, socket rating, circuit protection, earthing, and vehicle compatibility before use. |
| IEC 61851 Mode 2 | AC charging using a cable with an in-cable control and protection device (IC-CPD). | Portable charging option for compatible outlets; the IC-CPD provides control and specified protective functions. | Confirm the IC-CPD specifications, plug type, protective features, and approval requirements for the destination market. |
| IEC 61851 Mode 3 | AC charging through dedicated EV supply equipment (EVSE), with control-pilot communication between the EVSE and vehicle. | Commonly used for fixed home, workplace, and public AC charging installations. | Check the EVSE output, installation requirements, load-management options, connector, and vehicle support. |
| IEC 61851 Mode 4 | DC charging using off-board power-conversion equipment, with control and communication functions. | Used for DC fast-charging systems; the vehicle and charger must support the same charging interface and communication method. | Verify DC connector type, supported voltage and current ranges, communication protocol, and vehicle compatibility. |
| IEC 62196 Type 1 | A vehicle connector for AC charging, commonly associated with single-phase charging applications. | May be found on some vehicles and charging cables, particularly in markets where this interface is established. | Match the connector to the vehicle inlet and check the cable and EVSE ratings for the intended installation. |
| IEC 62196 Type 2 | An AC vehicle connector specified in the IEC 62196 series; used for single-phase and three-phase charging configurations where supported. | A widely used AC interface in many international markets, including installations that serve compatible vehicles. | Confirm whether the EVSE has a socket or tethered cable, and whether the vehicle inlet and site supply match. |
| IEC 62196 Combo 2 (CCS2) | A DC vehicle connector configuration defined in the IEC 62196-3 series, combining an AC interface with additional DC contacts. | Used by compatible vehicles and DC charging stations; connector fit alone does not establish full charging compatibility. | Check the vehicle inlet, charger communication support, and the operating range specified for both products. |
| Malaysia site supply | Nominal low-voltage supply is typically 230 V single-phase or 400 V three-phase at 50 Hz; actual site capacity and configuration can vary. | Supply availability affects the EVSE configuration and achievable charging power. | Have a qualified local professional verify the supply, circuit capacity, protection, earthing, and applicable approvals. |
| Global purchasing checks | Requirements differ by destination, product configuration, installation type, and applicable national regulations. | A supplier’s product documentation should identify the applicable standards and the exact tested configuration. | Request technical datasheets, test reports, certificates where required, warranty terms, spare-parts details, and export documentation. |