| PM2.5 Monitoring Accuracy | Measurement principle | Identify whether the instrument uses beta attenuation, tapered element oscillating microbalance, optical particle counting, or another method. | China ambient-air monitoring specifications; applicable national or project method requirements. | Product technical file, measurement-principle description, flow diagram, and method-equivalency documentation. | Method clearly documented |
| Reference-method comparison | Compare the continuous analyzer with a recognized gravimetric reference or equivalent method under the intended PM2.5 concentration and environmental range. | HJ 653-2013 and the applicable project acceptance specification. | Independent comparison report showing paired data, regression results, bias, data completeness, and test conditions. | Independent evidence required |
| Calibration and span control | Verify zero checks, flow verification, calibration frequency, span checks, leak checks, and the traceability of reference devices. | Applicable environmental monitoring quality-control procedures and the manufacturer’s approved quality plan. | Calibration certificates, flow-meter certificates, zero/span logs, leak-test records, and maintenance procedures. | Traceability demonstrated |
| Environmental interference control | Assess sensitivity to humidity, temperature, aerosol composition, particle density, condensation, and inlet losses. | Project-specific operating envelope and the relevant Chinese technical specification for continuous PM monitoring. | Environmental-chamber or field-test results, humidity-conditioning procedure, heated-inlet design data, and uncertainty analysis. | Interference characterized |
| Data completeness and uptime | Review valid-data rate, automatic fault detection, data buffering, time synchronization, and recovery after power or communication interruptions. | Contract data-availability requirements and the applicable monitoring-station acceptance specification. | Factory acceptance test, site acceptance test, alarm list, data logs, and a documented service-level agreement. | Performance verified on site |
| PM inlet and sampling system | Check inlet geometry, particle-size cut point, tubing length, material compatibility, flow control, and protection against rain and insects. | Applicable Chinese ambient-air particulate-monitoring installation and acceptance requirements. | Mechanical drawings, cut-point verification, flow-control specifications, installation manual, and inspection checklist. | Design matches application |
| CEMS Compliance | Pollutants and measurement range | Confirm that the CEMS measures the required pollutants, oxygen where applicable, flue-gas flow, temperature, pressure, moisture, and concentration range. | HJ 75-2017 and HJ 76-2017 for fixed pollution-source flue-gas CEMS. | System configuration, analyzer range sheet, cross-sensitivity data, dilution or extraction design, and application-specific P&ID. | Scope fully covered |
| Installation and acceptance | Verify sampling location, platform access, straight-run requirements, calibration ports, gas conditioning, and analyzer shelter conditions. | HJ 75-2017 and HJ 76-2017; site-specific environmental permitting requirements may also apply. | Site survey, installation drawings, commissioning records, calibration-port photographs, and acceptance-test report. | Site acceptance passed |
| Calibration and performance testing | Check zero/span calibration, response time, drift, accuracy, repeatability, interference, and correlation with approved reference methods. | HJ 76-2017 performance and testing requirements for fixed-source CEMS. | Performance-test raw data, calibration-gas certificates, reference-method comparison, drift records, and corrective-action history. | Test results independently reviewable |
| Data transmission and integrity | Review data format, timestamps, audit trails, status flags, communication reliability, remote diagnostics, and protection against unauthorized changes. | HJ 212-2017 for pollutant-source automatic monitoring data transmission and communication. | Communication protocol documentation, data-upload test, cybersecurity controls, audit-log sample, and system integration report. | Transmission validated |
| Maintenance and consumables | Assess expected replacement intervals for filters, pumps, probes, reagents, dryers, optical cells, and calibration gases. | Manufacturer maintenance schedule plus the operating requirements of HJ 75-2017 and HJ 76-2017. | Preventive-maintenance plan, spare-parts list, mean-time-between-failure data, response-time commitment, and training records. | Lifecycle support documented |
| ISO/IEC 17025 Testing | Laboratory accreditation status | Confirm that the laboratory performing the test is accredited to ISO/IEC 17025:2017 for the specific method, matrix, analyte, and measurement range. | ISO/IEC 17025:2017; accreditation scope must be checked rather than relying only on a laboratory certificate. | Current accreditation certificate, detailed scope schedule, laboratory identifier, validity date, and accreditation-body verification. | Scope must match the test |
| Measurement traceability | Verify that reference standards, calibration equipment, and certified reference materials are traceable to recognized national or international standards. | ISO/IEC 17025:2017 requirements for metrological traceability and equipment control. | Calibration certificates, certified-reference-material certificates, uncertainty budgets, and equipment-maintenance records. | Traceability confirmed |
| Uncertainty and reporting quality | Review the stated measurement uncertainty, test conditions, sampling plan, raw-data retention, deviations, and reporting rules. | ISO/IEC 17025:2017 requirements for valid results, technical records, and reporting. | Signed test report, uncertainty budget, raw-data package, quality-control chart, deviation log, and report-approval record. | Complete technical record |
| Impartiality and independence | Determine whether the test laboratory is independent from the equipment manufacturer and whether conflicts of interest are controlled. | ISO/IEC 17025:2017 requirements for impartiality, confidentiality, and management-system control. | Laboratory ownership disclosure, impartiality policy, subcontracting declaration, and conflict-of-interest controls. | Independence disclosed |
| Supplier Capability | Quality-management system | Assess document control, incoming inspection, production testing, nonconformance handling, corrective action, and serial-number traceability. | ISO 9001 may support process evidence, but it does not replace product-specific performance testing. | Valid certificate, quality manual, factory-audit records, inspection plans, and sample nonconformance reports. | Process evidence available |
| Factory acceptance testing | Require functional checks, calibration verification, alarm testing, communication testing, and configuration backup before shipment. | Contract specifications and the applicable Chinese equipment acceptance requirements. | FAT protocol, completed checklist, test data, instrument configuration file, and customer-approved release record. | FAT completed |
| After-sales service | Evaluate commissioning support, spare-parts availability, remote diagnostics, local response capability, training, and warranty terms. | Project service-level agreement and regulatory maintenance obligations. | Service network map, escalation procedure, response-time commitment, training syllabus, and warranty exclusions. | Service obligations contractually defined |
| Documentation and cybersecurity | Check English documentation, software version control, user permissions, backup procedures, password policy, and secure remote access. | Project cybersecurity requirements and applicable data-transmission specifications, including HJ 212-2017 where relevant. | User manuals, software-release notes, access-control matrix, backup policy, vulnerability-response process, and interface test. | Documentation complete |